LKDC

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Revision as of 03:49, 13 May 2008 by Dre (Talk | contribs) (→‎Harnessing Authentication)

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The local KDC in Leopard is pretty rad. In the absence of any real documentation, this page exists as a jumble of observations and theories.

Positioning and Use in Leoaprd

The Local KDC (LKDC) is a Kerberos implementation that extends "single sign-on" capabilities into ad-hoc networks. The LKDC supports the AFP, CIFS, and VNC services included in Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server. At the surface, the LKDC looks pretty much just like a regular Kerberos setup... you can log into one of the above named services and get Kerberos tickets, use standard tools like klist to manage tickets, use kadmin to administer the KDC, etc, etc. Some examples: 

{3} andre@donk [~] % sudo klist -k 
Keytab name: FILE:/etc/krb5.keytab
KVNO Principal
---- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3 afpserver/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 afpserver/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 afpserver/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 cifs/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 cifs/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 cifs/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 vnc/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 vnc/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
   3 vnc/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
{10} andre@donk [~] % sudo kadmin.local -q listprincs
Authenticating as principal andre/admin@LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B with password.
K/M@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
afpserver/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
andre@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
cifs/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
kadmin/admin@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
kadmin/changepw@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
kadmin/donk.local@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
kadmin/history@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
krbtgt/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
vnc/LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
{13} andre@donk [~] % sudo kadmin.local -q 'get_principal andre'
Authenticating as principal andre/admin@LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B with password.
Principal: andre@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
Expiration date: [never]
Last password change: Sat May 10 21:43:57 PDT 2008
Password expiration date: [none]
Maximum ticket life: 0 days 10:00:00
Maximum renewable life: 7 days 00:00:00
Last modified: Sat May 10 21:43:57 PDT 2008 (root/admin@LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD)
Last successful authentication: [never]
Last failed authentication: [never]
Failed password attempts: 0
Number of keys: 4
Key: vno 1, Triple DES cbc mode with HMAC/sha1, no salt
Key: vno 1, ArcFour with HMAC/md5, no salt
Key: vno 1, DES cbc mode with CRC-32, no salt
Key: vno 1, DES cbc mode with CRC-32, Version 4
Attributes: REQUIRES_PRE_AUTH
Policy: [none]
{106} andre@donk [~] % klist
Kerberos 5 ticket cache: 'API:Initial default ccache'
Default principal: andre@LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B

Valid Starting     Expires            Service Principal
05/13/08 00:35:00  05/13/08 10:34:58  krbtgt/LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B@LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B
	renew until 05/20/08 00:34:58
05/13/08 00:35:00  05/13/08 10:34:58  vnc/LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B@LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B
	renew until 05/20/08 00:34:58

Standard Deviation

The crux of the LKDC implementation is the use of a SHA1 hash in place of the server name portion of a kerberos principal, effectively insulating Kerberos from dynamic network conditions. This significant re-definition of a kerberos principal is really cool, but also not standard. The standard kerberos libraries pretty much assume and require that the server name portion of a kerberos principal be just that: a server name (or IP address).

This presents two primary challenges:

  • Advertising and discovering LKDC realm information in an ad-hoc, peer to peer context
  • Harnessing the authentication process to construct the special kerberos principal and then handing it off to Kerberos

Advertising and Discovering

Not surprisingly, the mechanism used to advertise and discover LKDC information is multicast DNS, as it is very well suited to ad-hoc networks. In other more standard Kerberos deployments, it it not unusual to use DNS to discover Kerberos information in the absence of local configuration (see references at the bottom of the page), but with standard kerberos, the discovery is limited to realm name or KDC name. From the krb5.conf man page [libdefaults] section: 

       dns_lookup_kdc
              Indicate whether DNS SRV records shoud be used to locate the KDCs and
              other  servers for a realm, if they are not listed in the information
              for the realm.  The default is to use these records.

       dns_lookup_realm
              Indicate whether DNS TXT records should be used to determine the Ker-
              beros realm of a host.  The default is not to use these records.

At some point during or after startup, the LKDC realm name is read from Directory Services, e.g. 

dscl . -read /Config/KerberosKDC RealName

The LKDC realm name is then advertised in the txt portion of a multicast DNS record called _kerberos in the .local name space. This record may be manually queried as follows: 

dns-sd -Q "_kerberos.donk.local" txt

Replace "donk" with the bonjour name of a Leopard machine on your local network (can test on yourself if needed).

The result is a string of hex characters. This command does not terminate, so control-C to stop it. Now take the hex and run it through xxd -r -c 256. 

xxd -r -c 256

<paste in the hex string, press return>

The result is the LKDC realm name, such as LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD

Harnessing Authentication

The notion of using a unique hash as the sever name portion of the principal name is a new idea, so we cannot rely on standard Kerberos libraries to be able to construct the correct principal name based on the LKDC's realm name. Accordingly, the authentication process is brokered for supported service clients, in order to perform the LKDC realm name discovery and then construct a kerberos principal name that is correct for the remote LKDC. Once the correct service principal name is obtained, it is handed off to Kerberos and works normally.

The client-side authentication broker (for supported services!) is called NetAuthAgent, and you'll see it get fired up whenever you use vnc, afp, cifs. Think of this as a session manager, of sorts.

Most of the advertisement, discovery, and management functions involving the LKDC are provided by a private framework called KerberosHelper, and a Kerberos framework plugin called LKDCLocate.

Using KerberosHelper

Some of the basic methods provided by KerberosHelper might be exercised as follows (big ups to landonf)!

krb.c contains the following: 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


extern int LKDCGetLocalRealm(char **realm);
extern int LKDCDiscoverRealm(const char *host, char **realm);

// XXX arg1 - 1 seems to trigger the dump to syslog.
extern int LKDCDumpStatus(int32_t arg1);

void find_realm (const char *host) {
    char *realm;
    char *kdc;
    uint32_t arg3;

    /* Find the realm */
    if (LKDCDiscoverRealm(host, &realm) == 0) {
        printf("Disovered Realm (%s): %s\n", host, realm);
    }

    free(realm);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    char *local_realm;

    if (LKDCGetLocalRealm(&local_realm) == 0) {
        printf("Local Realm: %s\n", local_realm);
        free(local_realm);
    }

    /* Dump to syslog. XXX argument '1' is a guess */
    LKDCDumpStatus(1);

    if (argc < 2) {
        printf("Usage: %s <hostname>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    find_realm(argv[1]);

    return 0;
}

Compile with: 

gcc krb.c -o krb -F/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks -framework KerberosHelper

Run it with one argument: a bonjour name of a leopard machine on your network. e.g. 

{33} andre@donk [work/krb] % ./krb dude.local
Local Realm: LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
Disovered Realm (dude.local): LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B

Also, check your system.log. LKDCDumpStatus produces something like: 

May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus: Cache root node = 0x1034f0
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus: node = 0x1034f0 {
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  realmName   = (0x1059d0) LKDC:SHA1.8B0FBACC08E3152A473A68D303E297A13CAA3AFD
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  serviceHost = (0x104d50) donk.local
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  servicePort = 88
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  TTL         = 7200
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                 }
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus: node = 0x106030 {
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  realmName   = (0x106460) LKDC:SHA1.C81B8D1A890D4D4DD079059A54594AA53B9A1A2B
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  serviceHost = (0x105fd0) dude.local
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  servicePort = 88
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                  TTL         = 7200
May 13 02:38:56 donk LKDCHelper[30484]:     LKDCDumpCacheStatus:                 }

Interesting Files

NetAuthAgent

This appears to be a service client helper that manages the authentication process at a high level on behalf of various clients included with Mac OS X. A string dump reveals the following chunk of kerberos service names: 

vncserver
webdaveserver
ftpsserver
ftpserver
cifs
afpserver

vncserver, cifs, and afpserver are the only 3 services that are kerberized in the LKDC by default, though NetAuthAgent appears to support others as well. Looking at all strings matching 'kerb', we see: 

{5} andre@donk [~] % strings /System/Library/CoreServices/NetAuthAgent.app/Contents/MacOS/NetAuthAgent | grep -i kerb  
KerberosSession
BypassKerberos
kerberosClientPrincipalCredentials
kerberosRelease
kerberosClientPrincipal
kerberosKeychainRealm
kerberosPrincipalInfo
MountedByKerberos
SupportsKerberos
/System/Library/CoreServices/Kerberos.app
mInvalidKerberosUserName
checkForKerberosUserName:
isValidKerberosUserName:
useKerberos
kerberosServiceName
kerberosServicePrincipalHint
kerberosSession
kerberosServicePrincipal
kerberosAcquireTicket
Kerberos
AllowKerberosUI
KerberosInfo
kerberosUIOption
kerberosHostDisplayName
kerberosHostAddress
kerberosAlreadyHasTicket
{14} andre@donk [~] % otool -L /System/Library/CoreServices/NetAuthAgent.app/Contents/MacOS/NetAuthAgent | cut -d ' ' -f1
/System/Library/CoreServices/NetAuthAgent.app/Contents/MacOS/NetAuthAgent:
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
	/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/URLMount.framework/Versions/A/URLMount
	/System/Library/Frameworks/SecurityInterface.framework/Versions/A/SecurityInterface
	/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices
	/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/KerberosHelper.framework/Versions/A/KerberosHelper
	/usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib
	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices
	/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation
	/System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation

NetAuthAgent.app also includes NetAuthSysAgent, which appears to be a variant of NetAuthAgent for handling system-level operations that do not require user interface. It contains lots of filesystem semantics, and also appears to deal with certificates. 

{108} andre@donk [~] % otool -L /System/Library/CoreServices/NetAuthAgent.app/Contents/Resources/NetAuthSysAgent | cut -d ' ' -f1
/System/Library/CoreServices/NetAuthAgent.app/Contents/Resources/NetAuthSysAgent:
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation
	/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/URLMount.framework/Versions/A/URLMount
	/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/KerberosHelper.framework/Versions/A/KerberosHelper
	/System/Library/Frameworks/SecurityInterface.framework/Versions/A/SecurityInterface
	/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Versions/A/Security
	/System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/ApplicationServices
	/usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib
	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices
	/usr/lib/libobjc.A.dylib
	/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation

LKDCLocate

This (non-private?) Kerberos framework plugin looks like it's able to perform DNS queries to retrieve LKDC info. It also seems to interact with a mach service created by LKDCHelper called com.apple.KerberosHelper.LKDCHelper. 

{14} andre@donk [~] % strings /System/Library/KerberosPlugins/KerberosFrameworkPlugins/LKDCLocate.bundle/Contents/MacOS/LKDCLocate       
%s: 
LKDCLookup
Declined to handle address family %d
svc = %d, realm = %s, family= %d, socktype = %d
KDC|MasterKDC
LKDC:
getaddrinfo () == %d
0x%08p: family = %d, socktype = %d, protocol = %d
Running callback 0x%08p
Unexpected address family %d
Callback done 0x%08p, err=%d
inet_ntop failed: %s
addr = %s, port = %d
failed %d
LKDCGetHelperPort
com.apple.KerberosHelper.LKDCHelper
%s: cannot contact helper
LKDCHelperExit
Mach communication failed: %s
LKDCDumpStatus
LKDCSetLogLevel
LKDCGetLocalRealm
[[[ %s
Local realm = %s
]]] %s = %d (%s)
LKDCDiscoverRealm
No place to store discovered realm.
realm = %s
LKDCFindKDCForRealm
No place to store discovered KDC hostname.
KDC Hostname = %s:%u
Communication to the helper failed
Not authorized
Input parameter error
Serializing object failed
Unserializing object failed
Object passed is not a dictionary
A Local KDC was not found
Lookup of the KDC for the requested realm failed
    %s: 
Success
<unknown error>
[...]
{112} andre@donk [~] % otool -L /System/Library/KerberosPlugins/KerberosFrameworkPlugins/LKDCLocate.bundle/Contents/MacOS/LKDCLocate          
/System/Library/KerberosPlugins/KerberosFrameworkPlugins/LKDCLocate.bundle/Contents/MacOS/LKDCLocate:
	/usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
	/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 111.0.0)

KerberosHelper

This private framework appears to provide API that can be used on behalf of service clients (or their agents) to discover the LKDC information of a remote realm. 

{6} root@donk [~] # strings /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/KerberosHelper.framework/Versions/A/KerberosHelper 
LKDCGetHelperPort
com.apple.KerberosHelper.LKDCHelper
%s: cannot contact helper
LKDCHelperExit
Mach communication failed: %s
LKDCDumpStatus
LKDCSetLogLevel
LKDCGetLocalRealm
[[[ %s
Local realm = %s
]]] %s = %d (%s)
LKDCDiscoverRealm
No place to store discovered realm.
realm = %s
LKDCFindKDCForRealm
No place to store discovered KDC hostname.
KDC Hostname = %s:%u
LKDC:
    %s: krb5 call got %d (%s) on %s:%d
realm_for_host
(null)
[[[ %s: hostname=%s hintrealm=%s
/SourceCache/KerberosHelper/KerberosHelper-31/Source/KerberosHelper.c
    %s: krb5_get_host_realm success
    %s: krb5_get_host_realm returned unusable realm!
    %s: LKDCDiscoverRealm success
]]] %s: returning realm=%s
]]] %s: failed to determine realm
[[[ KRBCopyRealm () - required parameters okay
]]] KRBCopyRealm () = %d
[[[ KRBCopyKeychainLookupInfo () - required parameters okay
Username
KeychainAccountName
DisableSaveToKeychain
edu.mit.Kerberos.KerberosAgent
SavePasswordDisabled
    KRBCopyKeychainLookupInfo: DisableSaveToKeychainKey = TRUE
    KRBCopyKeychainLookupInfo: CFPreferencesCopyAppValue == NULL
]]] KRBCopyKeychainLookupInfo () = %d
[[[ KRBCopyServicePrincipal () - required parameters okay
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: svcName mismatch inService = "%s", svcName = "%s"
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: useName = "%s"
LKDC:
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: realm is Local KDC.
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: Bad inHostName, using svcInstance = "%s"
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: useInstance = "%s"
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: Fatal - Bad inHostName & no inAdvertisedPrincipal
%s/%s@%s
    KRBCopyServicePrincipal: principal = "%s/%s@%s"
]]] KRBCopyServicePrincipal () = %d
KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo
[[[ KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo () - required parameters okay
Certificate
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: Certificate information in dictionary
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: Certificate not present in dictionary
.Mac Sharing Certificate
%@@%@
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: Using login name = "%s"
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: principal guess = "%s"
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: ccache principal match = "%s"
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: found a single ticket for realm, replacing principal & username
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: Setting found Username to = "%s"
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: using principal = "%s"
ClientPrincipal
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: usingCertificate == %d
UsingCertificate
CetificateHash
CertificateInferredLabel
    KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo: InferredLabel = "%s"
]]] KRBCopyClientPrincipalInfo () = %d
%@@%s
[[[ KRBTestForExistingTicket () - required parameters okay
    KRBTestForExistingTicket: principal = "%s"
    KRBTestForExistingTicket: Valid Ticket, ccacheName = "%s"
]]] KRBTestForExistingTicket () = %d
KRBAcquireTicket
[[[ KRBAcquireTicket () - required parameters okay
    KRBAcquireTicket: Using a certificate
Password
]]] KRBAcquireTicket () = %d
[[[ KRBCloseSession () - required parameters okay
]]] KRBCloseSession () = %d
parse_principal_name
KRBCreateSession
[[[ %s () - required parameters okay
    %s: LocalKDC realm lookup only
    %s: __KRBCreateUTF8StringFromCFString failed
[[[ %s () decomposing %s
]]] %s () - %d
    %s: processed host name = %s
%s.local
    %s: last char of host name = 0x%02x
success
    %s: getaddrinfo = %s (%d)
    %s: canonical host name = %s
    %s: secondary match = %s
    %s: primary match = %s
    %s: could not find a suitable host/realm mapping
    %s: Using host name = %s, realm = %s
]]] %s () = %d
KerberosKDC
dsRecTypeStandard:Config
realname
Communication to the helper failed
Not authorized
Input parameter error
Serializing object failed
Unserializing object failed
Object passed is not a dictionary
A Local KDC was not found
Lookup of the KDC for the requested realm failed
    %s: 
Success
<unknown error>

LKDCHelper

This executable is part of the KerberosHelper framework and is a launch agent that runs in the user's namespace. This appears to fire up a mach service called com.apple.KerberosHelper.LKDCHelper that is used for IPC with other interested parties (see: elsewhere on this page). 

{34} andre@donk [~] % strings /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/KerberosHelper.framework/Versions/A/Resources/LKDCHelper
Idle exit
do_LKDCDumpStatus
[[[ %s
do_LKDCSetLogLevel
do_LKDCGetLocalRealm
Cached lookup
LocalKDCRealm = %s
do_LKDCDiscoverRealm
Looking up realm for %s
do_LKDCFindKDCForRealm
Looking up host for %s
%s: 
Unauthorized access by euid=%lu pid=%lu
update_idle_timer
0 == gettimeofday(&last_message, NULL)
/SourceCache/KerberosHelper/KerberosHelper-31/Source/LKDCHelper-main.c
idletimer_main
0 == gettimeofday(&now, NULL)
Invalid idle timeout: %s
Usage: [-d] [-t maxidle]
Could not initialize ASL logging.
Starting (uid=%ul)
mach_port_allocate: %s
mach_port_insert_right: %s
com.apple.KerberosHelper.LKDCHelper
bootstrap_register2 failed: %s
CheckIn
Could not create checkin message for launchd.
Could not message launchd.
Launchd checkin failed: %s.
MachServices
Launchd reply does not contain %s dictionary.
Launchd reply does not contain %s Mach port.
Launchd gave me a null Mach port.
Failed to start idletimer thread: %s
mach_msg_server: %s
KerberosKDC
dsRecTypeStandard:Config
realname
_kerberos
LookupRealmCallBack
mDNSError = %d
More than one record, last one wins!!!
LKDCAddLocatorDetails
New entry for (realm=%s host=%s)
Replacing existing entry (realm=%s host=%s) with (realm=%s host=%s)
]]] %s = %d (%s)
LKDCHostnameForRealm
Cache hit
Cache miss
HandleEvents
LKDCLookupRealm
LKDCRealmForHostname
%s.%s
mDNSResult
CallbackError = %d
Timeout!
LKDCDumpCacheStatus
Cache root node = %08p
node = %08p {
                 realmName   = (%08p) %s
                 serviceHost = (%08p) %s
                 servicePort = %u
                 TTL         = %u
                }
Communication to the helper failed
Not authorized
Input parameter error
Serializing object failed
Unserializing object failed
Object passed is not a dictionary
A Local KDC was not found
Lookup of the KDC for the requested realm failed
    %s: 
Success
<unknown error>
  • /usr/libexec/configureLocalKDC - this is a perl script that creates the LKDC at installation time, including creating service principals, editing service config files, and installing a kerberos certificate into the system keychain.

Resources

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